An AAV vaccine utilizes adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver genetic material encoding antigens, stimulating an immune response against a specific pathogen. Note that these are distinct from adenoviral vaccines. According to research, a single-dose intramuscular injection of AAV vaccines has demonstrated durable and potent humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular immunogenicity in mice and non-human primates against various viral pathogens (Li et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2009; Xin et al., 2006; Zhu et al., ...). In simpler terms, AAV vaccines work by using a harmless virus (AAV) to carry instructions into cells, prompting them to produce proteins that trigger the body's defense mechanisms (the immune system), thereby providing protection against the targeted disease.
