Yes, you can take ownership of an abandoned vehicle in Alabama, but not simply by finding it. Ownership can be legally acquired through specific processes, typically involving public auctions or lien sales, after which you must formally title the vehicle in your name.
Acquiring Ownership of Abandoned Vehicles in Alabama
Claiming an abandoned vehicle in Alabama requires following a strict legal process, as vehicles cannot simply be taken by an individual. The path to ownership usually involves the vehicle being declared abandoned by state authorities or a private entity, leading to a sale where it can be legally purchased.
Common Paths to Ownership
Individuals generally become the "purchaser" of an abandoned vehicle through one of two primary methods:
- Public Auctions of Law Enforcement Seized/Abandoned Vehicles:
When a vehicle is abandoned on public property (like a roadside) or impounded by law enforcement and remains unclaimed, it eventually enters a legal process. After a required holding period, notifications to the last known owner, and attempts to contact lienholders, the vehicle may be declared abandoned. Once declared abandoned, these vehicles are often sold at public auctions conducted by law enforcement agencies, the Department of Transportation, or licensed salvors. Participating in and winning bids at these auctions is a common way to legally acquire an abandoned vehicle. - Lien Sales by Private Property Owners or Towing/Storage Facilities:
If a vehicle is abandoned on private property (e.g., a vacant lot, private driveway, or a repair shop's premises) or accumulates significant towing and storage fees, the property owner or the towing/storage company can initiate a lien sale process. This process, governed by Alabama law, allows them to sell the vehicle to recover their costs. The property owner or facility must follow specific legal steps, including notifying the vehicle's owner and any lienholders, before conducting a public sale. Purchasing a vehicle through such a lien sale grants you legal ownership.
Titling Your Newly Acquired Vehicle
Once you have legally acquired an abandoned vehicle through one of these methods, the next critical step is to title it in your name. Every purchaser of an abandoned motor vehicle is required to title the vehicle in their name with the Alabama Department of Revenue (ADOR). This requirement applies to all purchasers, including licensed motor vehicle dealers.
The titling process ensures that the vehicle is properly registered under your ownership and allows you to legally operate it.
Key Documents for Titling an Acquired Abandoned Vehicle
To title the vehicle, you will typically need to present specific documentation to the Alabama Department of Revenue or your county's licensing official. While requirements can vary slightly, common documents include:
| Document Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Certificate of Sale | For vehicles purchased at a public auction (e.g., from law enforcement or a county auction), this document serves as proof of purchase and legal transfer of ownership. |
| Bill of Sale (Lien Sale) | For vehicles acquired through a private lien sale, a notarized bill of sale from the property owner or towing facility, along with documentation proving the lien sale process was properly followed, will be required. |
| Application for Alabama Title | Form MVR 5-13, completed with all necessary information about the vehicle and the new owner. |
| Proof of Identity | A valid driver's license or state-issued ID. |
| Odometer Disclosure Statement | If applicable and obtainable. For older vehicles or those with unknown mileage, exemptions may apply. |
| Payment for Fees and Taxes | Including title fees, registration fees, and any applicable sales tax. |
It is crucial to complete the titling process promptly after acquiring an abandoned vehicle to ensure clear legal ownership and avoid potential issues. For detailed information on the specific procedures and forms, it's advisable to consult the official resources of the Alabama Department of Revenue - Motor Vehicle Division.
