Bangladesh currently holds the distinction for the poorest air quality in the world, based on particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations.
Air quality is often measured by the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are tiny particles in the air that are 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter. These particles are particularly hazardous because they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, leading to various health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) sets a guideline for healthy PM2.5 levels at 5 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3).
According to data from 2022, several countries significantly exceed this guideline, indicating severe air pollution challenges. Bangladesh consistently ranks at the top, experiencing PM2.5 levels far beyond safe limits.
Countries with the Highest PM2.5 Levels (2022)
The following table highlights the countries with the highest average PM2.5 concentrations in 2022, demonstrating where air quality is most compromised:
| Rank | Country | Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (in μg/m3) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bangladesh | 54.17 |
| 2 | India | 41.39 |
| 3 | Nepal | 39.18 |
| 4 | Qatar | 39.16 |
Note: The WHO Guideline for PM2.5 is 5 μg/m3.
Understanding the Impact
Such high levels of air pollution have profound impacts on public health and the environment. Exposure to elevated PM2.5 concentrations can lead to:
- Respiratory illnesses: Asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Cardiovascular diseases: Heart attacks, strokes.
- Other health issues: Lung cancer, reduced lung function, premature death, and developmental problems in children.
Addressing air pollution requires a multifaceted approach, including reducing emissions from vehicles and industries, promoting renewable energy, and improving urban planning.
