If a girl isn't getting her period, it's crucial to understand that this can be normal in some cases, but in others, it might indicate an underlying issue. The absence of menstruation is called amenorrhea.
Understanding Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. There are two main types:
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Primary Amenorrhea: This refers to a girl who hasn't started menstruating by age 15, or if other signs of puberty like breast development are absent. As noted in a source from April 16, 2024, "Most girls begin their periods between ages 9 and 18. The average is around 12 years old. If no periods have occurred when a girl is older than 15, further testing may be needed." This is especially true if other pubertal changes are present.
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Secondary Amenorrhea: This occurs when a girl or woman who has previously had regular periods stops menstruating for three months or more. Several factors, including pregnancy (as mentioned in a Seattle Children's article on late or missed periods), stress, significant weight loss, or hormonal imbalances, can contribute to this.
Causes of Absent Periods
Several factors can contribute to a lack of periods:
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Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can disrupt hormone production, preventing menstruation. As noted by Boston Children's Hospital, a hormone imbalance is a possible cause of missed periods.
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Weight Issues: Being significantly underweight or overweight can affect hormone levels and disrupt the menstrual cycle. This is highlighted in an article for teens from KidsHealth.org: "Girls who are underweight or who have eating disorders may notice a delay in the start of their..." periods.
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Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, including thyroid problems and other hormonal disorders, can interfere with menstruation.
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Stress: High levels of stress can disrupt the endocrine system and impact the menstrual cycle.
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Exercise: Excessive or intense physical activity can interfere with the menstrual cycle.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If a girl hasn't started her period by age 15, or if she has experienced a significant change in her menstrual cycle, such as the absence of periods for three months or more, a doctor should be consulted. According to MedlinePlus, the absence of a menstrual period is called amenorrhea. Further investigation might be necessary to determine the underlying cause. As stated in the Merck Manual, "At other times, it may be the first sign of a more serious problem."
Seeking Professional Help
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing amenorrhea and addressing any underlying health concerns. A healthcare professional can accurately assess the situation, order necessary tests, and provide appropriate guidance.
