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What parasite controls ants?

Published in Ant Parasite 2 mins read

The Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus is a parasite that controls ants.

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: The Zombie-Ant Fungus

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, often called the zombie-ant fungus, is a fascinating example of parasitic manipulation. This fungus specifically targets formicine ants, effectively controlling their behavior and ultimately leading to their demise.

How it Works

The Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus has a complex lifecycle that involves several key stages:

  1. Infection: The fungus infects the ant, likely through spores that attach to the ant's exoskeleton.
  2. Manipulation: Once inside, the fungus manipulates the ant's behavior. This is the most remarkable aspect of the parasitism. The ant is compelled to leave its colony and climb vegetation.
  3. "Death Grip": The infected ant exhibits a "death grip," clamping down on a leaf or twig with its mandibles. This occurs in a location favorable for the fungus's growth and reproduction.
  4. Fungal Growth: The fungus then kills the ant and grows through its body.
  5. Spore Dispersal: Finally, the fungus develops a fruiting body that protrudes from the ant's head, releasing spores to infect more ants.

Impact on Ecosystems

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis primarily affects ants in tropical forest ecosystems. Its specialized targeting of formicine ants suggests it plays a role in regulating ant populations and influencing the dynamics of these complex environments.

Feature Description
Parasite Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (a fungus)
Target Formicine ants
Mechanism Behavior manipulation, leading to the ant's death in a location beneficial for fungal reproduction.
Ecosystem Tropical forests
Classification Ascomycota: Hypocreales

In summary, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis is a specialized parasite that demonstrates a remarkable ability to control the behavior of ants, ultimately ensuring the fungus's survival and propagation.