Sagittaria sagittifolia, commonly known as the arrowhead or duck potato, is a distinctive herbaceous perennial plant noted for its unique growth habit, specialized root system, and prominently arrow-shaped leaves. This aquatic species exhibits several key characteristics that contribute to its identification and ecological role.
General Overview
Sagittaria sagittifolia is an upright plant that can achieve a height of up to 1 meter. Its form is herbaceous and it is perennial, meaning it lives for more than two years and does not develop a woody stem.
Growth Form
As a herbaceous perennial, Sagittaria sagittifolia maintains an upright posture and can grow to a significant height, often reaching up to 1 meter. Its growth habit allows it to stand tall in its aquatic or semi-aquatic environments.
Roots
The root system of Sagittaria sagittifolia is particularly adapted for its environment. The roots are tuberous, forming storage organs that help the plant survive periods of stress. These tubers are produced on creeping runners, which allows the plant to spread vegetatively and colonize new areas efficiently.
Foliage
The leaves are a defining feature of Sagittaria sagittifolia, giving the plant its common name "arrowhead."
- Simple Leaves: Each leaf is a single, undivided blade.
- Spiral Arrangement: The leaves are arranged in a spiral pattern around the stem.
- Long Triangular Petiole: Each leaf is supported by a lengthy petiole (leaf stalk) that is triangular in cross-section.
- Arrow-shaped and Glossy Blade: The most striking characteristic is the leaf blade itself, which is distinctly arrow-shaped (sagittate) and possesses a glossy surface.
Summary of Characteristics
To provide a concise overview, here's a summary of the main characteristics of Sagittaria sagittifolia:
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Growth Form | Herbaceous perennial; upright form, can reach up to 1 meter in height. |
| Roots | Tuberous roots, which are produced on creeping runners for vegetative propagation. |
| Foliage | Simple leaves arranged in a spiral; feature a long, triangular petiole; the leaf blade is distinctively arrow-shaped and glossy. |
For more detailed information on Sagittaria sagittifolia, refer to resources like the National Parks Board (NParks).
