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Can an asylum applicant get a Social Security number?

Published in Asylum Seeker Social Security 3 mins read

Yes, an asylum applicant can obtain a Social Security number (SSN). While they are eligible to apply, the Social Security card they receive will be restricted, reflecting their current work authorization status.

Understanding Social Security Numbers for Asylum Applicants

An SSN is a unique nine-digit number issued by the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA). It is crucial for employment, taxation, and accessing various government services. For asylum applicants, obtaining an SSN is possible, but the card issued will have specific notations indicating work eligibility.

Types of Restricted Social Security Cards

Asylum applicants will receive a Social Security card with a notation, which will vary based on whether they are eligible to work in the United States. This restriction is clearly printed on the card itself.

Here are the two possible notations and their implications:

Card Wording Implication Work Eligibility
VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH DHS AUTHORIZATION This indicates that the individual has the potential for work authorization. Requires a separate, specific work permit (Employment Authorization Document - EAD) from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to work legally.
NOT VALID FOR WORK This indicates that the individual is not currently authorized to work in the U.S. While they have an SSN for identification and other non-work purposes, they cannot use it to gain employment.

This means that simply having an SSN does not automatically grant work permission. Work authorization for asylum applicants is typically granted by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), a component of DHS, through an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

Applying for a Social Security Number as an Asylum Applicant

To apply for an SSN, asylum applicants must visit a local Social Security office. They will need to provide specific documentation to prove their identity, age, and asylum status.

Here's a general overview of the process:

  • Gather Required Documents:
    • Proof of Immigration Status and Work Eligibility: This often includes documents such as an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record, Form I-589 (Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal), or a Notice of Asylum Interview. If you have an Employment Authorization Document (EAD), you should bring it.
    • Proof of Identity: A passport, state ID card, or other acceptable identity document.
    • Proof of Age: A birth certificate or other age-verifying document.
  • Complete the Application Form: Fill out Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card.
  • Visit a Social Security Office: Take all original documents and the completed application to your nearest Social Security Administration office. Appointments may be recommended or required in some locations.
  • Await Card Delivery: Once approved, the Social Security card will be mailed to your address.

It's important to keep all original documents safe, as they will be returned to you after the SSA reviews them. For the most current requirements and procedures, it is always advisable to consult the official Social Security Administration website: Social Security Administration.