A communication board is a visual tool, typically a sheet of symbols, pictures, or photos, that individuals learn to point to in order to communicate with those around them. It serves as a fundamental method of assistive communication, empowering non-verbal individuals or those with significant speech difficulties to express their thoughts, needs, and desires.
Why Are Communication Boards Used?
Communication boards are primarily utilized when verbal speech is challenging or impossible for an individual. For some children, for instance, forming words or speaking clearly can be incredibly difficult, making it hard for them to convey what they are trying to say. In such cases, a communication board provides an alternative pathway for expression.
The core reasons for their use include:
- Bridging Communication Gaps: They offer a reliable way for individuals to make their needs and wants understood when spoken language is not an effective means.
- Reducing Frustration: The inability to communicate can lead to significant frustration. Communication boards provide an outlet, reducing behavioral challenges often associated with communication breakdowns.
- Fostering Independence: By giving individuals a voice, communication boards enhance their ability to make choices and participate actively in daily life.
- Supporting Language Development: For some, using a communication board can even serve as a bridge to developing verbal speech by associating visual symbols with meaning.
How Do Communication Boards Work?
The process of using a communication board is relatively straightforward:
- Selection: The individual looks at the board and identifies the symbol, picture, or photo that represents what they want to communicate.
- Indication: They then point to the chosen visual. This could be a direct touch, eye-gaze, or another form of indication depending on their physical abilities.
- Interpretation: The communication partner observes the indicated symbol and interprets the message.
Learning to use a communication board often involves modeling, where communication partners point to symbols as they speak, demonstrating how the board can be used for communication.
Who Benefits from Communication Boards?
Communication boards are a vital tool for a diverse range of individuals, including:
- Children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Individuals with cerebral palsy
- Those with apraxia of speech
- People with developmental delays
- Individuals recovering from a stroke or brain injury
- Anyone who is non-verbal or has severely limited verbal output
Key Elements of a Communication Board
A well-designed communication board typically includes:
- Symbols/Pictures/Photos: These are the core elements representing words, phrases, concepts, or common objects. They can range from line drawings (like those found in Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS) to real-life photos.
- Organization: The visuals are arranged in a logical, accessible manner, often categorized by type (e.g., people, actions, feelings, food) or frequency of use.
- Durability: As a tool used frequently, communication boards are often laminated or made from sturdy materials.
- Portability: Many boards are designed to be easily carried, allowing communication in various environments.
Types and Variations
While the basic concept remains the same, communication boards can vary:
- Low-Tech Communication Boards: These are the most common and are typically printed sheets. They are inexpensive, require no batteries, and are highly customizable.
- Digital Communication Boards (Apps): Many tablet or smartphone applications mimic communication boards, offering dynamic display options, voice output, and extensive symbol libraries. These fall under the broader category of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices.
Creating and Customizing a Communication Board
Effective communication boards are highly individualized to meet the specific needs and interests of the user.
- Assess Needs: Determine the most frequent words, phrases, and topics the individual needs to communicate about.
- Choose Visuals: Select symbols or pictures that are meaningful and easily recognizable to the user. Real photos may be more effective for some, especially younger children.
- Organize Logically: Arrange symbols in a way that is intuitive for the user. Common layouts include a grid, a fan, or a topic-specific page.
- Start Simple: Begin with a limited number of highly relevant symbols and gradually expand as the user becomes proficient.
- Involve the User: If possible, involve the individual in the selection and organization process to ensure relevance and engagement.
Here's a simplified example of common categories found on a basic communication board:
Category | Examples of Symbols |
---|---|
Needs/Wants | Want, More, Help, Stop, Go |
Actions | Eat, Drink, Play, Sleep, Wash |
People | Mom, Dad, Friend, Teacher, Me |
Feelings | Happy, Sad, Angry, Tired, Good |
Places | Home, School, Park, Store |
Comments | Yes, No, Hello, Goodbye, Please, Thank You |
Communication boards are powerful tools that provide a voice to those who might otherwise struggle to be heard, fostering connection and independence.