A mass reflex, also known as autonomic dysreflexia, sympathetic hyperreflexia, or autonomic hyperreflexia, is a potentially life-threatening condition.
Understanding the Mass Reflex
The mass reflex primarily affects individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above the T6 spinal segment. It represents a state of overactivity of the autonomic nervous system in response to various stimuli below the level of the injury.
Key Characteristics
- Occurs in individuals with spinal cord injuries at or above T6.
- Involves an exaggerated response of the autonomic nervous system.
- Potentially life-threatening.
Causes
Various stimuli can trigger a mass reflex, including:
- Bladder distension: A full bladder is a common trigger.
- Bowel impaction: Constipation or bowel obstruction can initiate the reflex.
- Skin irritation: Pressure sores, ingrown toenails, or tight clothing.
- Painful stimuli: Any painful sensation below the level of injury.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a mass reflex can vary but often include:
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Severe Hypertension | Rapid and significant increase in blood pressure. |
| Pounding Headache | A severe headache due to the elevated blood pressure. |
| Flushing | Redness and warmth above the level of the spinal cord injury. |
| Sweating | Excessive sweating above the level of the spinal cord injury. |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate. |
| Goosebumps | Goosebumps below the level of the spinal cord injury. |
| Blurred Vision | Visual disturbances. |
| Nasal Congestion | Stuffy nose. |
| Anxiety | Feeling of unease or nervousness. |
Management
Prompt recognition and management of the underlying cause are crucial to resolving a mass reflex episode.
- Identify and Remove the Stimulus: The first step is to find and eliminate the triggering stimulus.
- Monitor Blood Pressure: Closely monitor blood pressure to prevent complications.
- Medications: Antihypertensive medications may be necessary to control severe hypertension.
