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What is Sepsis in a Baby?

Published in Baby Sepsis 2 mins read

Sepsis in a baby is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body has an extreme, overwhelming response to an infection.

Understanding Sepsis in Newborns

When a newborn develops an infection, their body's immune system tries to fight it. However, in sepsis, this response becomes amplified and dysregulated, causing widespread inflammation throughout the baby's body. This inflammation leads to blood clotting, which, in turn, reduces blood flow to vital organs and limbs.

How Sepsis Affects a Baby

  • Inflammation: The body's inflammatory response is exaggerated, damaging tissues and organs.
  • Blood Clotting: Tiny blood clots form throughout the body, obstructing blood flow.
  • Reduced Blood Flow: Restricted blood flow deprives organs and limbs of oxygen and nutrients.
  • Organ Failure: Prolonged lack of oxygen and nutrients can lead to organ damage and failure.
  • Death: If left untreated, sepsis can rapidly progress to septic shock and death.

Causes of Sepsis in Newborns

Sepsis in newborns can be caused by various bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common causes include:

  • Bacteria: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), E. coli, Listeria, and other bacteria.
  • Viruses: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), enteroviruses.
  • Fungi: Candida.

Symptoms of Sepsis in Newborns

Recognizing the symptoms of sepsis early is crucial for prompt treatment. Symptoms can be subtle and non-specific, but may include:

  • Fever (though some babies may have a low temperature)
  • Lethargy or decreased activity
  • Poor feeding
  • Irritability
  • Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Pale or mottled skin
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
  • Decreased urination

Treatment for Sepsis in Newborns

Prompt treatment with antibiotics and supportive care is essential for improving outcomes in babies with sepsis. Treatment may include:

  • Antibiotics: Administered intravenously to combat the infection.
  • Intravenous fluids: To maintain blood pressure and hydration.
  • Oxygen therapy: To support breathing.
  • Blood pressure support: Medications to increase blood pressure if needed.
  • Other supportive care: As needed, to address specific organ dysfunction.

Sepsis is a serious and potentially fatal condition in newborns requiring immediate medical attention. Early recognition and treatment are critical for improving the chances of survival and minimizing long-term complications.