Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. When inhaled, these airborne germs can settle in the lungs and multiply, causing infection. From the lungs, the bacteria can spread via the bloodstream to other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Understanding the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacterium
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium is responsible for the vast majority of TB cases worldwide. Its ability to spread through the air and its persistence in the body make it a significant public health concern. The bacterium's resilience also contributes to the development of drug-resistant strains, complicating treatment efforts.
- Transmission: Primarily through airborne droplets produced when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.
- Infection Site: Most commonly affects the lungs, but can spread to other organs.
- Drug Resistance: A concerning factor that leads to prolonged treatment and reduced effectiveness.
TB's Impact on Global Health
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), TB remains a leading cause of death globally. The high incidence of TB, especially in conjunction with HIV, underscores the serious nature of this infectious disease. The ongoing development of drug-resistant strains further complicates treatment and control efforts.
