What is the timeline of Hosea?

The timeline of Hosea's prophetic ministry spans from the reign of Jeroboam II until shortly before the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel.

Hosea, a significant figure among the Israelite prophets, conducted his entire ministry within the northern kingdom of Israel. His prophetic activity commenced during the reign of King Jeroboam II, who ruled from approximately 786 to 746 BC.

His divine announcements and warnings continued for an extended period, indicating that he remained active until near the pivotal event of the northern kingdom's demise, which occurred with its fall in 721 BC. This extensive period allowed Hosea to witness and comment on a critical era of Israelite history, characterized by political instability, spiritual decline, and eventually, national catastrophe.

Key Periods of Hosea's Prophetic Activity

Hosea's ministry covers a crucial phase, bridging the relative stability of Jeroboam II's reign with the subsequent turbulent decades leading to Assyrian conquest.

• Beginning of Ministry:

  • King: Jeroboam II
  • Approximate Dates: c. 786–746 BC
  • Significance: This period was marked by some economic prosperity but increasing moral and religious decay, which Hosea frequently addressed.

• End of Ministry:

  • Event: Near the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel
  • Approximate Date: c. 721 BC
  • Significance: His later prophecies reflect the escalating crisis, divine judgment, and the impending doom that culminated in the Assyrian exile of Israel.

Timeline Overview

Hosea's messages consistently focused on Israel's unfaithfulness to God, depicted through the metaphor of a broken marriage covenant, and God's enduring love despite their apostasy. His work provides vital insights into the spiritual and political climate of Israel in the 8th century BC.