The full form of RNA is Ribonucleic Acid. RNA is a nucleic acid, similar to DNA, found in all living cells. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the proper functioning of organisms.
RNA is involved in various cellular processes, including:
- Protein synthesis: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are made.
- Transfer of genetic information: Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
- Ribosomal structure: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of the ribosome structure, which is essential for protein synthesis.
- Regulation of gene expression: Some RNA molecules, like microRNAs, can regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and affecting their translation.
RNA differs from DNA in its structure and function. While DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, RNA contains ribose sugar. Additionally, RNA uses uracil instead of thymine as one of its bases. These structural differences contribute to the distinct roles of RNA in cellular processes.
