SB stands for Spina Bifida, a neural tube defect that results in problems with the brain and spinal cord.
Spina Bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the neural tube, which develops into the brain and spinal cord, doesn't close completely during pregnancy. This incomplete closure can lead to a range of disabilities, varying in severity.
Here's a breakdown of Spina Bifida:
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Definition: Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect, meaning it's a birth defect that affects the development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or their protective coverings.
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Cause: It occurs during the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube doesn't close completely. The exact cause is unknown, but factors like genetics, nutrition (specifically folic acid deficiency), and environmental factors may play a role.
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Types: There are several types of Spina Bifida, including:
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Spina Bifida Occulta: This is the mildest form, often with no visible signs on the back. There might be a small hairy patch, dimple, or birthmark. Many people with Spina Bifida Occulta are unaware they have it.
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Meningocele: A sac of fluid protrudes through an opening in the baby's back. However, the spinal cord is not contained in this sac and is typically undamaged. This form may or may not cause disabilities.
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Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe form of Spina Bifida. The spinal cord is exposed through an opening in the back. This can cause significant disabilities, including:
- Paralysis
- Loss of bowel and bladder control
- Hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain)
- Learning disabilities
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Symptoms and Severity: The symptoms and severity of Spina Bifida vary widely depending on the type and location of the defect.
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Treatment: Treatment often involves surgery to close the opening on the back, along with ongoing medical care, physical therapy, and occupational therapy to manage any associated disabilities. Shunts may be required to manage hydrocephalus.
Therefore, Spina Bifida is a disability resulting from a malformation of the spinal cord and/or its surrounding bones (vertebrae).
