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What is bone made of?

Published in Bone Composition 1 min read

Bone is made of a combination of protein, collagen, and minerals, especially calcium. Collagen provides a framework for the incorporation of mineral, mainly calcium phosphate. This mineral makes bone hard and strong while the collagen provides flexibility so that the bone can resist breaking.

Here are some additional details about the composition of bone:

  • Organic Components: Approximately 30% of bone is composed of organic components, primarily collagen. This fibrous protein provides the framework and flexibility of bone.
  • Inorganic Components: Approximately 60% of bone is made up of inorganic components, mainly hydroxyapatite, a crystalline complex of calcium and phosphate. This mineral provides the hardness and rigidity of bone.
  • Water: About 10% of bone is water, which is essential for the health and function of bone cells.

Bone tissue is classified into two types:

  • Cortical bone: This is the hard, dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and support.
  • Cancellous bone: This is the spongy, inner layer of bone that is lighter and more porous. It provides a framework for bone marrow, where blood cells are produced.