Myeloid refers to components of the bone marrow and certain types of blood-forming cells originating there. It's often associated with the production of specific blood cells. The term is frequently used in the context of leukemia, where it describes the type of cells affected. For instance, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute myelogenous leukemia are the same disease, affecting myeloid cells.
Understanding Myeloid Cells
Myeloid cells are a key part of the body's immune system and are responsible for several important functions:
- Blood Cell Production: Myeloid cells in the bone marrow differentiate into various mature blood cells, including:
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes): Carry oxygen throughout the body.
- White blood cells (leukocytes): Fight infection and disease (including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes).
- Platelets (thrombocytes): Help blood clot.
- Immune Response: Myeloid cells play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating pathogens.
Myeloid in the Context of Leukemia
The term "myeloid" is especially relevant in understanding different types of leukemia:
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A type of cancer that begins in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. AML develops rapidly and requires immediate treatment. See more on AML from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and American Cancer Society.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A slower-developing cancer of the bone marrow involving the overproduction of immature myeloid cells. Learn more about CML from Penn Medicine.
In summary, "myeloid" signifies a connection to the bone marrow and its crucial role in blood cell formation and the immune system. Its use in the medical field is most often associated with types of leukemia. The term can also be used more broadly, referring to myeloid tissue and the cells derived from myeloid progenitor cells.
