Brain cells store memory by physically changing the connections between neurons.
Memory storage in the brain, much like in any other memory device, relies on physical alterations. Specifically, the brain stores information by modifying the connections between neurons, known as synapses. This concept was first proposed over 130 years ago by neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
The Synaptic Connection
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What is a synapse? A synapse is the junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
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How do synapses change? Synapses can strengthen or weaken over time, based on increases or decreases in their activity. This is known as synaptic plasticity.
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How does synaptic plasticity relate to memory? The brain's ability to change synaptic connections allows it to encode new experiences and information. The more often a connection is used, the stronger it becomes, making it easier to recall that memory.
Example of Memory Storage
Imagine learning a new phone number. Initially, the connection between the neurons responsible for that number is weak. As you repeat the number, the synapses associated with that memory strengthen, making it easier to remember in the future. If you stop using that phone number, those synapses may weaken, and you may forget the number.
Summary
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Storage Mechanism | Physical changes in connections between neurons (synapses). |
| Key Concept | Synaptic plasticity: Strengthening or weakening of synapses based on activity. |
| Historical Context | Santiago Ramón y Cajal first proposed this concept. |
