Flemish bond is a classic pattern used in brickwork that is easily recognizable by its alternating brick layout within each row.
Defining Flemish Bond
At its core, Flemish bond is a method of laying bricks where each course (horizontal layer) consists of bricks placed lengthwise (known as stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends facing out (known as headers). This creates a distinctive visual pattern that has been popular throughout architectural history.
The key characteristic, as highlighted in the reference, is the arrangement:
- Within the same courses: Stretchers and headers appear side-by-side.
This differs from other bond patterns where entire courses might be composed solely of stretchers or headers.
Key Features and Appearance
The alternating stretcher and header in each course give Flemish bond a unique aesthetic. The headers, typically being the width of the wall, help tie the wall together structurally, while the stretchers provide the length.
Here's a breakdown of its features:
- Alternating Bricks: Every brick in a course is followed by a different type (stretcher then header, then stretcher, etc.).
- Consistency: This pattern repeats uniformly in every course, although typically headers are centered over the stretchers in the course below for structural integrity and visual balance.
- Visual Appeal: The mix of long faces and short ends creates a busy yet regular texture on the wall surface.
Let's look at how the bricks appear in a course:
| Brick Type | Appearance | Orientation |
|---|---|---|
| Stretcher | Long side exposed | Lengthwise |
| Header | Short end exposed | Widthwise |
In Flemish bond, these appear alternatingly within the same row.
Historical Context
Flemish bond has been utilized for centuries, valued for both its structural strength and its decorative appeal. The reference specifically notes that Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. This period (roughly 1714-1830) saw extensive use of brick, and Flemish bond became synonymous with the refined and ordered facades characteristic of Georgian buildings, particularly in England and the American colonies.
While popular in Georgian architecture, it was also used before and after this period in various regions. Its use often signified quality craftsmanship due to the precision required to lay the alternating bricks neatly.
Structural Considerations
While the alternating headers provide good bonding across the width of the wall, making it structurally sound, laying Flemish bond can be more material and labor-intensive than simpler bonds like stretcher bond because of the need to use a greater number of headers (which are often cut or specifically made for the purpose of appearing as headers).
In summary, Flemish bond is a specific and historically significant bricklaying pattern defined by the alternation of stretchers and headers within the same horizontal course, creating a visually rich surface commonly associated with architecture from the Georgian era.
