In Buddhism, a profound and purer form of love, free from attachment and self-interest, is primarily called Maitrī (Sanskrit) or Mettā (Pali). This concept is central to Buddhist practice and represents an unconditional benevolence towards all beings.
Understanding Maitrī (Loving-Kindness)
Maitrī or Mettā is often translated as "loving-kindness," "benevolence," or "friendliness." It embodies a deep, selfless wish for the happiness and well-being of others. This purer form of love comes with no strings attached; it is given freely without expectation of anything in return.
In its essence, Mettā is defined as:
- Unselfishly wishing others to be happy.
- Being delighted to be in their presence.
- Offering affection, smiles, hugs, and help freely, without desiring anything in return.
This form of love is cultivated through meditation and practice, extending from oneself to loved ones, neutral individuals, and eventually to all living beings, including those one might find difficult.
The Four Immeasurables (Brahma-vihāras)
Mettā is one of the Four Immeasurables, also known as the Brahma-vihāras or "Divine Abodes." These are four sublime states of mind that Buddhists strive to cultivate, leading to boundless compassion and inner peace.
The Four Immeasurables are:
| Sanskrit Term | Pali Term | English Translation | Core Essence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maitrī | Mettā | Loving-Kindness | Wishing happiness and well-being to all. |
| Karuṇā | Karuṇā | Compassion | Wishing freedom from suffering for all. |
| Muditā | Muditā | Sympathetic Joy | Rejoicing in the happiness and success of others. |
| Upekṣā | Upekkhā | Equanimity | Maintaining mental balance and impartiality towards all beings. |
Cultivating these qualities helps practitioners overcome negative emotions like anger, jealousy, and attachment, fostering a mind that is open, spacious, and truly benevolent.
Practical Cultivation of Mettā
Developing Mettā involves specific meditation practices, often beginning with directing loving-kindness towards oneself, then gradually expanding it outwards:
- Self-Compassion: Developing a sense of warmth and kindness towards oneself.
- Loved Ones: Extending that feeling to family and friends.
- Neutral Persons: Directing it towards people one neither likes nor dislikes.
- Difficult Persons: Consciously wishing well even for those who have caused harm or discomfort.
- All Beings: Finally, encompassing all sentient beings without distinction.
Through this practice, the intention is to dissolve boundaries and foster an all-encompassing love that promotes harmony and peace within oneself and the world.
