Calcium phosphates (CaP) are a family of minerals composed of calcium cations (Ca2+) combined with orthophosphate (PO43-), metaphosphate (PO3-), or pyrophosphate (P2O47-) anions, sometimes including hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions. This definition is based on information found in "Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications, 2023".
In simpler terms, calcium phosphates are compounds containing calcium and phosphate. These compounds can vary slightly in their composition, leading to a variety of different calcium phosphate minerals.
Key Components of Calcium Phosphates
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Calcium (Ca2+): A positively charged ion that is essential for many biological processes.
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Orthophosphate (PO43-): The most common type of phosphate found in calcium phosphates.
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Metaphosphate (PO3-): Another form of phosphate that can be present in calcium phosphates.
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Pyrophosphate (P2O47-): A more complex phosphate ion.
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Hydrogen (H+) and Hydroxide (OH-): These ions can sometimes be incorporated into the structure of calcium phosphates.
Examples and Applications
Calcium phosphates are vital in various biological and industrial applications.
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Bone and Teeth: A major component of bone and teeth structure.
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Biomedical Coatings: Used in coatings for medical implants to improve biocompatibility, as described in "Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications, 2023."
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Fertilizers: Used in agriculture as a source of phosphorus for plant growth.
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Food Additives: Used to improve the texture and stability of food products.
