Dogs primarily contract parvovirus through direct or indirect contact with the highly contagious virus, most commonly found in the feces of infected animals.
Understanding Parvovirus Transmission in Dogs
Canine parvovirus is a highly resilient and easily spread virus that poses a significant threat to canine health, especially in puppies. Understanding how it spreads is crucial for prevention and control.
The virus can be transmitted through several common pathways:
1. Direct Contact with Infected Dogs
One of the most straightforward ways a dog can get parvo is by having direct contact with an infected dog. This can occur through:
- Physical interaction, such as nose-to-nose greetings.
- Sharing spaces in environments like dog parks, shelters, or breeding facilities.
2. Contact with Infected Feces
The parvovirus is shed in large quantities in the feces (stool) of infected dogs. A dog can become infected by:
- Sniffing, licking, or ingesting even microscopic amounts of contaminated fecal matter.
- Walking through contaminated areas and then licking their paws, transferring the virus to their mouth.
3. Contact with Contaminated Surfaces and Objects
Parvovirus is notorious for its ability to survive for extended periods on various surfaces and objects, making indirect contact a significant source of transmission. Dogs can contract the virus from:
- Kennels: Including crates, runs, and communal areas in boarding facilities or veterinary clinics.
- Food and Water Bowls: If previously used by an infected dog, even if they appear clean.
- Collars and Leashes: Equipment that has come into contact with the virus.
- Hands and Clothing of People: Individuals who have handled an infected dog can inadvertently carry the virus on their hands or clothing and transmit it to other susceptible dogs. This highlights the importance of strict hygiene for anyone caring for or near infected animals.
The virus is incredibly hardy and can persist in the environment for months, meaning an area where an infected dog has been present can remain a source of infection long after the dog has left, if not properly disinfected.
