A "mini heart attack" is typically referred to as a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Understanding NSTEMI (Mini Heart Attack)
While often called a "mini heart attack," it's crucial to understand that NSTEMI is still a serious medical emergency. The "mini" designation refers to the extent of the heart muscle damage and blockage, not the urgency of treatment.
Key Characteristics of NSTEMI:
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Partial Blockage: In an NSTEMI, the coronary artery is only partially blocked, unlike a full blockage in a STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction), which is a more severe type of heart attack.
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Symptoms: The symptoms of an NSTEMI are very similar to those of a full-blown heart attack and should never be ignored. These include:
- Chest pain or pressure (often described as squeezing or tightness)
- Pain radiating to the arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, or back
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sweating
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
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Medical Emergency: Despite being "mini," NSTEMI requires immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent further heart damage and complications.
Comparison: NSTEMI vs. STEMI
| Feature | NSTEMI (Mini Heart Attack) | STEMI (Major Heart Attack) |
|---|---|---|
| Blockage | Partial | Complete |
| Severity | Can be less severe initially | Generally more severe |
| EKG Changes | No ST-segment elevation | ST-segment elevation |
| Heart Damage | Less extensive, initially | More extensive, potentially |
| Emergency Level | High | Highest |
What to do if you suspect a "mini heart attack" (NSTEMI):
- Call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately. Do not attempt to drive yourself to the hospital.
- Chew an aspirin (if you are not allergic) while waiting for help to arrive. Aspirin helps to thin the blood and reduce further clotting.
- Remain calm and try to stay still.
In conclusion, a "mini heart attack" or NSTEMI, while indicating a partial blockage, is a critical medical event requiring immediate attention to minimize potential damage to the heart.
