No, Shelley Duvall did not have any children.
Throughout her life, Shelley Duvall was known for having a menagerie of pets rather than children. After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Duvall, along with her long-time partner Dan Gilroy, made the decision to relocate from Benedict Canyon in Los Angeles. They moved back to her home state of Texas, settling in Blanco, a town southwest of Austin. This move occurred in 1994 while she was actively filming the Steven Soderbergh movie The Underneath.