The primary location associated with the cross Jesus died on is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, where significant relics of the "True Cross" are believed to be housed and where the traditional site of the crucifixion, Golgotha, is located.
Historical Context of the True Cross
The cross Jesus died on, often referred to as the "True Cross," is not fully intact in one single location today. According to Christian tradition, the cross was discovered in Jerusalem in the 4th century AD by Saint Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine. After its discovery, portions of the cross were distributed to various churches and significant sites around the world as venerated relics.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The most significant and historically recognized site related to the True Cross is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. This sacred basilica encompasses two of the holiest sites in Christianity: the place where Jesus was crucified (Golgotha) and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected.
Throughout history, portions of the Sacred Cross have been closely associated with this church. It is recorded that a major part of the Sacred Cross was restored to its revered place within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem on September 14. This event was so significant that it led to the adoption of a special commemoration.
The Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
To commemorate the restoration and exaltation of the Sacred Cross, the Church of Rome adopted the "Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross" (also known as the Triumph of the Cross) on September 14. This annual feast day celebrates not only the physical cross but also the redemptive work of Christ's crucifixion.
Relics and Veneration
While the entire cross is not preserved, numerous fragments, believed to be portions of the True Cross, are venerated as relics in churches, monasteries, and cathedrals worldwide. These relics serve as tangible connections to one of the most pivotal events in Christian history.
Key Moments in the History of the True Cross
| Event | Date/Period | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery of True Cross | 4th Century AD | Attributed to St. Helena; sparked widespread veneration. |
| Restoration in Jerusalem | 7th Century AD | The Sacred Cross was restored to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on Sept 14. |
| Feast of Exaltation | 7th Century AD | Church of Rome adopted "Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross" on Sept 14. |
| Dispersion of Fragments | Throughout History | Portions distributed globally to churches as relics for veneration. |
Where to Find Relics
Many churches around the globe claim to possess fragments of the True Cross. Some of the most notable locations housing significant relics include:
- Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem (as mentioned)
- Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome (contains large fragments brought by St. Helena)
- St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
- Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris (before the 2019 fire, held a fragment of the Crown of Thorns and a piece of the True Cross)
These relics are typically encased in elaborate reliquaries and are objects of profound reverence for pilgrims and believers.
