The area now known as Chicago was first referred to by early European explorers and cartographers as Checagou.
The Earliest Designation: Checagou
Before it officially became "Chicago," the site where the city now stands was known as Checagou. This designation appeared in memoirs and journals from the late 17th century, representing one of the earliest known references to this significant geographical location.
The Root of the Name
The name "Checagou" is believed to be derived from an indigenous word, likely from the Miami-Illinois language, chicagoua. This term referred to the wild leeks (Allium tricoccum) or wild garlic that grew abundantly along the banks of the Chicago River. Observers in the late 17th century frequently noted the profusion of these pungent plants in the area, leading to the adoption of a name that reflected this distinctive natural feature.
The original pronunciation of chicagoua may have sounded closer to "shikakwa" or "shikaakwa," reflecting its Algonquian roots. Over time, as European spellings and pronunciations evolved, Checagou transformed into the familiar "Chicago."
Evolution to Chicago
The transition from Checagou to "Chicago" reflects the linguistic adaptation and anglicization of the indigenous name as the region developed. While the exact date of the name's official change is not precisely marked, the consistent use of variations of "Chicago" became prevalent as the area grew into a trading post, then a town, and ultimately a major metropolitan city. The enduring name serves as a historical echo of the rich natural landscape and the indigenous cultures that first inhabited the region. For more historical context, explore the History of Chicago.
