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What is Compost Packaging?

Published in Compostable Packaging 3 mins read

Compost packaging is packaging designed to break down naturally into nutrient-rich compost in a specific environment, leaving no harmful residues.

Understanding Compostable Packaging

Unlike traditional plastic packaging, which can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, compostable packaging is made from organic materials. These materials are designed to decompose within a reasonable timeframe under specific composting conditions, like those found in municipal or industrial composting facilities, or sometimes even in home composting setups.

Key Characteristics of Compostable Packaging:

  • Biodegradable Materials: Compostable packaging utilizes materials derived from renewable sources such as plants (e.g., cornstarch, sugarcane, cellulose).
  • Specific Decomposition Conditions: The ability to compost often depends on specific environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and the presence of microorganisms.
  • Timeframe for Decomposition: To be considered compostable, the packaging must break down within a specified timeframe (typically 90-180 days in a commercial composting facility, and longer in a home compost).
  • No Harmful Residues: A crucial aspect is that compostable packaging should not leave behind any toxic chemicals or harmful particles as it decomposes. The resulting compost should be safe and beneficial for soil enrichment.

Types of Compostable Packaging:

There are two main types of compostable packaging:

  • Industrially Compostable Packaging: This type of packaging requires the specific conditions of a commercial composting facility (high temperatures and controlled humidity) to break down properly. Look for certifications like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432.
  • Home Compostable Packaging: Designed to decompose in a backyard compost pile at lower temperatures and with less controlled conditions. Certification examples include ASTM D6868 or TÜV Austria "OK Compost HOME". Note that home composting can be significantly slower.

Benefits of Compostable Packaging:

  • Reduced Landfill Waste: Diverts organic waste from landfills, prolonging landfill lifespan.
  • Soil Enrichment: Creates nutrient-rich compost that can improve soil health.
  • Reduced Carbon Footprint: Often made from renewable resources and requires less energy to produce than traditional plastics.
  • Environmentally Friendly Image: Can enhance a company's sustainability efforts and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

Challenges of Compostable Packaging:

  • Infrastructure Limitations: Lack of widespread composting infrastructure in many regions.
  • Contamination Issues: Compostable packaging can contaminate recycling streams if improperly sorted.
  • Consumer Confusion: Difficulty for consumers to differentiate between compostable and recyclable packaging.
  • Performance Considerations: Compostable packaging may not offer the same level of barrier properties or durability as traditional plastics in some applications.

In conclusion, compostable packaging offers a more sustainable alternative to traditional packaging by naturally decomposing into compost, offering environmental benefits when properly managed within appropriate composting systems.