Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a critical diagnostic tool for identifying various infections affecting the central nervous system. Common infections that can be detected through CSF analysis include viral, bacterial (like tuberculosis and neurosyphilis), and parasitic infections.
Understanding CSF Infections
CSF, the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, offers vital clues about the health of the central nervous system. Changes in its composition, such as cell count, protein levels, glucose levels, and the presence of specific organisms or their markers, can indicate an infection. Analyzing these characteristics helps healthcare professionals differentiate between various types of infections and guide appropriate treatment.
Common Infections Identified in CSF Analysis
The presence of specific cellular changes or markers in CSF can point towards different infectious agents. Here are some of the infections that can be found, along with their characteristic CSF findings:
| Infection Type | Characteristic CSF Finding (Differential) |
|---|---|
| Neurosyphilis | Variable findings, indicating a range of possible CSF abnormalities. |
| Parasitic | Eosinophilia, defined as more than 10 eosinophils per microliter (µL) or greater than 10% of total cells. |
| Tuberculosis | Early predominance of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), gradually progressing to a predominance of lymphocytes. |
| Viral | Predominantly lymphocytes, though polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) predominance is possible in the early stages of infection. |
Identifying these specific characteristics through CSF analysis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention, helping to manage conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, and other neurological infections effectively.
