Delhi experiences a climate that is a unique overlap, primarily characterized as monsoon-influenced humid subtropical (Köppen climate classification Cwa) and semi-arid (Köppen climate classification BSh). This combination results in significant seasonal shifts in both temperature and precipitation throughout the year.
Understanding Delhi's Climate Classification
The presence of these two distinct Köppen climate classifications highlights the transitional nature of Delhi's weather patterns:
- Monsoon-Influenced Humid Subtropical (Cwa): This classification primarily accounts for the hot, humid summers that are heavily influenced by the annual Indian monsoon. During these months, the region receives substantial rainfall, leading to high humidity levels.
- Semi-Arid (BSh): This aspect describes the drier periods, particularly the extended dry season before and after the monsoon, as well as the relatively dry winters. The "Sh" in BSh denotes a hot steppe climate, indicating that despite some seasonal rainfall, the overall environment retains characteristics of a dryland, experiencing high temperatures for most of the year.
Key Climatic Characteristics
The unique overlap of these climate types results in several defining features of Delhi's weather:
- High Variation in Temperatures: There is a considerable difference between summer and winter temperatures. Summers can be extremely hot, with temperatures often soaring, while winters are cool and sometimes quite chilly, especially during peak months.
- Significant Precipitation Variation: Rainfall is highly concentrated during the monsoon months (typically from July to September). The rest of the year, especially the pre-monsoon and winter periods, experiences much lower precipitation, contributing to the semi-arid characteristics.
- Distinct Seasonal Cycles: Delhi experiences well-defined seasons including:
- Hot and Dry Pre-Monsoon Summer: Characterized by rising temperatures and low humidity.
- Humid and Wet Monsoon Season: Marked by heavy rainfall and high humidity.
- Post-Monsoon Transition: A brief period of receding humidity before winter.
- Cool and Dry Winter: Featuring lower temperatures and minimal rainfall.
This dual classification accurately reflects Delhi's complex climatic conditions, where periods of high humidity and heavy rainfall coexist with extended dry spells characteristic of a semi-arid environment.
