Stonewashed jeans are created to give them a faded, worn appearance. Based on common industry practices, this is achieved through specific treatment processes.
What is Stonewashing?
Stonewashing is a textile finishing process used primarily on denim jeans. Its purpose is to simulate the look and feel of vintage or well-worn denim, providing a softer texture and a unique, faded pattern.
Key Methods for Stonewashing Jeans
According to common practice, the distinctive look of stonewashed jeans is typically accomplished using one of two primary methods:
Method 1: Using Pumice in a Rotating Drum
One common way to achieve the stonewashed effect is by washing the jeans with pumice in a rotating drum.
- Process: Jeans and pumice stones are placed together in a large industrial washing machine (the rotating drum). As the drum rotates, the stones rub against the fabric, abrading the surface and removing some of the indigo dye.
- Effect: This friction causes the denim to fade unevenly, particularly along seams, edges, and prominent areas, resulting in a natural-looking worn appearance.
- Outcome: After the desired level of abrasion is reached, the stones are removed, and the jeans are rinsed and finished.
Method 2: Using Chemicals
Alternatively, the appearance of stonewashing can be created by using chemicals to create the appearance without the use of a rotating drum.
- Process: Specific chemicals, such as enzymes (like cellulase) or oxidizing agents (like bleach), can be applied to the denim. Enzymes break down the cellulose fibers, leading to dye removal and softening. Bleach directly oxidizes the dye, causing it to fade.
- Effect: Chemicals can provide a more controlled or sometimes a different type of fading compared to mechanical abrasion. This method can be used independently or in combination with other techniques.
- Outcome: After chemical treatment, the jeans are neutralized, rinsed thoroughly, and finished.
These methods are the primary ways jeans are treated to produce their characteristic faded, worn appearance known as stonewashing.
