A root infection, also known as a periapical abscess, is an infection occurring within or around the root of a tooth, typically resulting from decay, gum disease (periodontitis), or injury.
Causes of Root Infections
Root infections develop when bacteria invade the tooth's pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue). This invasion can occur through:
- Dental Caries (Tooth Decay): Untreated cavities allow bacteria to penetrate the enamel and dentin, eventually reaching the pulp.
- Gum Disease: Advanced gum disease creates pockets that allow bacteria to access the tooth roots.
- Cracked or Broken Teeth: Cracks and fractures can provide an entry point for bacteria.
- Failed Dental Work: Occasionally, a filling, crown, or root canal can fail, allowing bacteria to re-enter the tooth.
Symptoms of Root Infections
Root infections often present with the following symptoms:
- Persistent Throbbing Pain: This is often the most noticeable symptom. The pain can be intense and may radiate to the jaw, ear, or head.
- Sensitivity to Temperature: Teeth with root infections are often highly sensitive to hot and cold.
- Pain When Chewing or Biting: Applying pressure to the affected tooth can be painful.
- Swelling: Swelling may occur in the gums, face, or neck.
- Redness: The gums around the infected tooth may appear red and inflamed.
- Fever: In severe cases, a fever may develop.
- Bad Taste in the Mouth: Pus draining from the infection can create an unpleasant taste.
- Loose Tooth: The infected tooth may feel loose.
Treatment of Root Infections
Treatment for a root infection typically involves the following:
- Draining the Abscess: The dentist or endodontist will drain the abscess to remove the pus and relieve pressure.
- Root Canal Therapy: This procedure involves removing the infected pulp, cleaning and shaping the root canal, and then filling and sealing it.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection.
- Tooth Extraction: In severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved, extraction may be necessary.
Complications of Untreated Root Infections
If left untreated, a root infection can lead to serious complications, including:
- Sepsis: The infection can spread to the bloodstream, causing a life-threatening condition called sepsis.
- Osteomyelitis: The infection can spread to the jawbone.
- Sinus Infection: Infections in upper teeth roots can spread to the sinuses.
- Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: A very rare, but life-threatening condition where a blood clot forms in the cavernous sinus, which is a large vein at the base of the brain.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing serious complications from a root infection. If you suspect you have a root infection, see a dentist immediately.
