HSP in dermatology typically refers to Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), a form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis affecting small blood vessels. It is most commonly seen in children but can also occur in adults.
Understanding Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
HSP is a systemic vasculitis characterized by inflammation and damage to small blood vessels, particularly in the skin, intestines, kidneys, and joints. While the exact cause is often unknown, it's frequently triggered by an infection (such as an upper respiratory infection).
Dermatological Manifestations of HSP
The most characteristic dermatological sign of HSP is palpable purpura. These are small, raised, and non-blanching red or purple spots on the skin, usually appearing on the lower extremities (legs and buttocks). The purpura result from bleeding from the inflamed small blood vessels in the skin.
Key Features of HSP
- Palpable Purpura: As mentioned above, this is the hallmark skin finding.
- Arthritis/Arthralgia: Joint pain or inflammation, commonly affecting the knees and ankles.
- Abdominal Pain: Can range from mild discomfort to severe, colicky pain. Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur.
- Kidney Involvement: Can manifest as hematuria (blood in the urine) or proteinuria (protein in the urine). In severe cases, it can lead to kidney failure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of HSP is typically based on clinical findings, including the characteristic rash, along with supportive laboratory tests (such as urinalysis to check for kidney involvement) and sometimes a skin biopsy to confirm leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Treatment
Treatment for HSP focuses on managing symptoms. Mild cases may only require supportive care, such as pain relievers and rest. More severe cases, especially those with significant kidney involvement, may require corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants.
