Heartburn acts when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus, causing irritation and a burning sensation.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
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The Cause: Heartburn occurs when stomach acid refluxes or rises up into the esophagus. This happens because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that normally prevents stomach contents from backing up, either relaxes inappropriately or weakens.
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The Irritation: The lining of the esophagus is not designed to withstand the strong acidity of stomach acid. When acid comes into contact with the esophageal lining, it causes irritation and inflammation.
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The Burning Sensation: This irritation triggers nerve endings in the esophagus, which transmit pain signals to the brain. This is perceived as a burning sensation, typically felt behind the breastbone.
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Symptoms: You might feel burning pain or discomfort in your chest after eating or when lying down. The sensation often feels like it's rising from your lower chest toward your neck or throat. Other symptoms can include a sour or bitter taste in the mouth.
In short, heartburn is a consequence of stomach acid irritating the esophageal lining due to reflux.
