What is the function of RTEL1?

RTEL1's primary function is to maintain the stability and health of our DNA, particularly at the ends of chromosomes.

Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) is a crucial protein in our cells. It is an essential DNA helicase. As a helicase, its main job involves unwinding or disassembling specific structures within our DNA. This action is vital for several key processes.

Based on the provided reference, the functions of RTEL1 include:

• Disassembling DNA Secondary Structures: RTEL1 targets and unwinds various unusual or complex shapes that DNA can form. These secondary structures, if not resolved, can interfere with normal DNA processes.
• Facilitating 3R Processes: By clearing these DNA structures, RTEL1 helps to ensure smooth operation of essential cellular activities often referred to as 3R processes, which commonly involve aspects of DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
• Maintaining Telomere Integrity: A particularly important role for RTEL1 is its work at telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. By managing DNA structures at these critical regions, RTEL1 helps keep telomeres stable and functional. This is directly related to its name, Regulator of Telomere Length.

In essence, RTEL1 acts like a molecular tool that untangles problematic DNA structures, ensuring that DNA processes like copying and repair can happen correctly and that the protective ends of our chromosomes remain intact.

Here's a simple breakdown:

Without RTEL1 performing these functions, cells can experience significant problems with DNA handling, leading to genomic instability, particularly at telomeres, which can contribute to various health issues.