The Frame Factor Theory (FFT) predicts that certain key elements, known as frame factors, significantly steer and limit how teachers conduct instruction in the classroom.
Understanding the Frame Factor Theory
According to the Frame Factor Theory, a teacher's instruction is shaped and constrained by specific external and internal influences. These influences, referred to as "frame factors," play a crucial role in determining what can be taught, how it is taught, and the extent to which students learn. The theory posits that by understanding these factors, we can better understand the dynamics of the classroom and the challenges teachers face.
Key Frame Factors in Education
The FFT specifically identifies three major frame factors that directly impact a teacher's instructional decisions and the learning process. Based on the theory, these factors are:
- (i) Students' prior knowledge: The existing understanding, skills, and experiences that students bring to the classroom. This factor dictates the starting point for instruction and influences how new information is received and processed.
- (ii) The curricula: The prescribed content, standards, and learning objectives that teachers are required to cover. Curricula define the scope and sequence of instruction, setting boundaries on what must be taught within a given timeframe.
- (iii) Time at hand: The available time allocated for teaching and learning activities within a lesson, day, or academic term. This is a critical limiting factor, as instruction and learning must fit within the designated schedule.
Implications of Frame Factors
A significant prediction of the Frame Factor Theory concerns the interaction between the time required for learning and the time available. The theory states that if the time needed by class exceeds time at hand, then the class will not learn, and the teacher must act in some way. This highlights the practical constraints imposed by these factors, particularly time, on achieving learning objectives and necessitates adaptive strategies from teachers.
