Yes, you can keep certain types of eels as pets, but it requires specific care, a suitable environment, and a commitment to their unique needs. Eels are fascinating aquatic creatures that can make captivating pets for experienced aquarists.
Understanding Pet Eels
Not all eels are suitable for home aquariums. The term "eel" encompasses a wide variety of fish, some of which grow very large or have specialized care requirements. Common types found in the pet trade include freshwater, brackish, and marine species, each with distinct needs.
For instance, American Eels (Anguilla rostrata) are a type of freshwater eel known for their adaptability. They can thrive in a well-maintained aquarium environment, making them a viable option for those interested in keeping an eel.
Essential Aquarium Setup for Eels
Providing the right habitat is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet eel.
Tank Size and Environment
- Generous Space: Eels often grow quite large, requiring substantial tank sizes. For species like the American Eel, a tank of at least 75 gallons is recommended, with larger tanks (125+ gallons) being ideal for adult specimens that can reach several feet in length.
- Substrate: Most eels are burrowing creatures. A soft, fine substrate like sand or smooth gravel is essential to allow them to bury themselves comfortably without injuring their delicate skin.
- Hiding Spots: Eels are nocturnal and appreciate plenty of hiding spots. Provide rocks, PVC pipes, driftwood, or ceramic caves where they can retreat during the day. During daylight hours, captive eels commonly remain buried in the aquarium substrate or concealed beneath rocks and other decorative ornaments.
Water Quality and Filtration
Maintaining pristine water quality is vital. Eels, especially larger species, produce a significant bio-load.
- Robust Filtration: Use powerful filtration systems, such as canister filters or sumps, to handle the waste produced by your eel.
- Water Parameters: Research the specific water parameters (temperature, pH, hardness) required for your chosen eel species. Regular water changes are a must to keep nitrates low.
The Secure Lid: A Non-Negotiable Requirement
Eels are legendary escape artists. This is a critical point for any aspiring eel keeper.
- Tightly Sealed Lid: American Eels, for example, are highly skilled at escaping their enclosures. Any opening, no matter how small, can be an exit route. Ensure your aquarium has a tightly fitting, heavy lid with no gaps. Use clips or weights to secure it if necessary.
- No Gaps: Check for openings around filter tubes, heaters, and wires. Eels can squeeze through incredibly small spaces.
Diet and Feeding
Eels are predatory fish with specific dietary needs.
- Carnivorous Diet: Most pet eels are carnivorous. Their diet should consist of a variety of high-quality protein sources.
- Food Options: Depending on the species and size, options include:
- Frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, and Mysis shrimp for smaller eels.
- Chopped fish (tilapia, salmon), shrimp, earthworms, and pellets designed for carnivorous fish for larger eels.
- Live feeder fish are generally discouraged due to disease risk, but some eels may prefer them.
- Feeding Schedule: Eels are typically fed a few times a week, rather than daily, depending on their size and growth rate. They often feed at night.
Compatibility with Other Fish
Choosing tank mates for an eel requires careful consideration.
- Predatory Nature: Many eels view smaller fish as potential meals.
- Size and Temperament: Select tank mates that are significantly larger than the eel's mouth and can tolerate its potentially territorial nature. Fast-moving, semi-aggressive fish that occupy different parts of the water column may work.
- Species-Specific Research: Always research the compatibility of your specific eel species with any potential tank mates.
Common Pet Eel Species at a Glance
Here's a brief overview of some commonly kept pet eels:
| Eel Type | Typical Adult Size | Habitat Preference | Key Trait |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Eel | Up to 3-5 feet | Fresh/Brackish/Saltwater | Adaptable, notorious escape artist, burrower |
| Fire Eel | Up to 2-3 feet | Freshwater | Shy, nocturnal, requires fine substrate |
| Snowflake Eel | Up to 2 feet | Marine | Relatively peaceful for a moray, reef-safe (usually) |
| Marbled Eel | Up to 5-6 feet | Fresh/Brackish/Saltwater | Very large, highly predatory, long-lived |
Challenges and Considerations
Keeping an eel is a long-term commitment.
- Lifespan: Many eels can live for 10-20 years or more in captivity with proper care.
- Aggression: Some eels can be territorial or aggressive, especially towards tank mates.
- Cost: The initial setup for a large, secure aquarium can be substantial, as can the ongoing cost of feeding and maintenance.
- Legal Regulations: Before acquiring an eel, always check local and state regulations. Some species may be restricted or require permits.
In conclusion, while keeping an eel as a pet is certainly possible and rewarding, it's not a decision to be taken lightly. Thorough research and preparation are essential to provide a safe, healthy, and enriching environment for these unique aquatic creatures.
