Lights are typically wired using the 'loop at the light' method, which allows for easy connection of multiple lights to a single circuit. This method utilizes the extra terminals found in batten and rose light mountings for wire connections.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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'Loop at the Light' Method: This involves bringing the supply cable directly to the first light fitting. From there, cables are "looped" to subsequent light fittings in the circuit. This eliminates the need for junction boxes between each light.
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Cable Type: The most common type of cable used in domestic lighting installations is 3-core thermoplastic sheath (TPS) cable. This cable contains three wires:
- Active (Live): Usually red or brown in newer installations. Carries the electrical current.
- Neutral: Usually black or blue in newer installations. Completes the circuit.
- Earth (Ground): Usually green and yellow. Provides a safety path for electrical faults.
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Light Mounting Connections: Batten and rose light mountings provide multiple terminals for connecting these wires. These terminals allow the incoming supply cable, the outgoing cable to the next light, and the light fitting itself to all be connected at the same point.
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Wiring Process:
- Isolate the Circuit: Before starting any electrical work, always turn off the power to the lighting circuit at the circuit breaker or fuse box.
- Connect Incoming Cable: Connect the active, neutral, and earth wires from the incoming supply cable to the appropriate terminals in the light mounting.
- Connect Outgoing Cable (if applicable): If this is not the last light in the circuit, connect the active, neutral, and earth wires from the outgoing cable to separate terminals in the same light mounting. Ensure the active and neutral wires are connected to the same terminals as the incoming cable.
- Connect Light Fitting: Connect the active, neutral, and earth wires from the light fitting itself to the corresponding terminals in the light mounting. Note that some light fittings might not have an earth wire connection (double insulated).
- Secure Connections: Ensure all connections are tight and secure. Loose connections can cause overheating and fire hazards.
- Reassemble Light Fitting: Carefully reassemble the light fitting and turn the power back on at the circuit breaker or fuse box.
Important Safety Precautions:
- Always turn off the power before working on any electrical wiring.
- If you are not comfortable working with electricity, hire a qualified electrician.
- Follow all local electrical codes and regulations.
- Use appropriate tools and materials.
- Test your work after completing the installation to ensure it is safe and functional.
In summary, lights are wired using the 'loop at the light' method, utilizing TPS cable and the connection terminals in light mountings to safely and efficiently connect multiple lights to a single electrical circuit.
