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Why is air called oxygen?

Published in Element Nomenclature 2 mins read

Air is not called oxygen; rather, oxygen is a specific gas found in air. The term "oxygen" actually refers to a particular element and gas that makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere.

The Naming of Oxygen

The name "oxygen" came about due to a misunderstanding about its chemical properties. Here's a breakdown:

  • Early Understanding: Before the late 18th century, scientists didn't fully grasp the nature of elements and gases.
  • "Vital Air": Oxygen was initially referred to as "vital air" because it was found to be essential for combustion and respiration.
  • Lavoisier's Contribution: In 1777, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier renamed this "vital air" to oxygène.
    • Greek Roots: The name oxygène was derived from two Greek words:
      • ὀξύς (oxys): Meaning "acid" or "sharp," based on the taste of acids.
      • -γενής (-genēs): Meaning "producer" or "begetter."
    • Mistaken Belief: Lavoisier believed, mistakenly, that oxygen was a component of all acids, leading him to create this name meaning "acid-producer".

Key Takeaways

Point Explanation
Air vs. Oxygen Air is a mixture of gases, whereas oxygen is a specific gas within that mixture.
Original Name It was originally called "vital air" due to its role in supporting life.
Lavoisier's Renaming Lavoisier renamed it oxygène, based on a misconception of its role in acid formation.
Greek Origin The name is derived from the Greek words oxys ("acid") and -genēs ("producer").
Misconception Lavoisier believed that oxygen was a constituent of all acids, which is incorrect.

Therefore, air isn't called oxygen. Oxygen is a single component gas in the mixture of gases that make up air, and that gas was named because of a historical misunderstanding.