A hypopyon is the accumulation of white blood cells in the anterior chamber (the front part) of the eye, forming a visible, whitish layer of fluid, usually in the lower portion.
This condition signifies severe inflammation or infection within the eye. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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Definition: As stated above, hypopyon is characterized by a collection of inflammatory cells, specifically leukocytes (white blood cells), in the anterior chamber. This appears as a white or yellowish fluid level at the bottom of the cornea and iris.
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Appearance: It's often visible to the naked eye, without needing any special magnification tools. The appearance can vary from a thin layer to a more substantial collection of cells.
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Cause: Hypopyon is usually a sign of:
- Infection: Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections within the eye.
- Inflammation: Conditions like uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye) or endophthalmitis (inflammation inside the eye).
- Certain systemic diseases: Rarely, it can be associated with systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Significance: The presence of hypopyon indicates a serious underlying problem that requires immediate medical attention. It is crucial to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment to prevent potential vision loss.
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Diagnosis: Diagnosis usually involves a thorough eye examination, including:
- Visual acuity testing
- Slit-lamp examination (using a microscope to examine the eye)
- Intraocular pressure measurement
- Possible cultures or other tests to identify the causative agent.
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Treatment: Treatment depends on the underlying cause. This may include:
- Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
- Antifungals (for fungal infections)
- Antivirals (for viral infections)
- Steroids (to reduce inflammation)
- Pain management
Hypopyon is a serious ocular sign that demands prompt assessment and management by an ophthalmologist to preserve vision and address the underlying cause.
