Keratitis is an inflammation or irritation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped tissue at the front of your eye covering the pupil and iris. This condition, sometimes called a corneal ulcer, can be caused by infection or injury and is a leading cause of corneal blindness in the United States. While treatable, early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss.
Understanding Keratitis
The cornea is essential for clear vision. When it becomes inflamed, it impacts vision significantly. Keratitis can range in severity from mild irritation to a serious infection requiring immediate medical attention. Several factors can cause keratitis:
- Infections: Bacterial, viral (like herpes simplex virus), fungal, or parasitic infections are common culprits.
- Injuries: Scratches, abrasions, or other trauma to the cornea can trigger inflammation.
- Underlying conditions: Dry eye, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications can increase susceptibility to keratitis.
- Contact lenses: Improper use or hygiene of contact lenses is a major risk factor.
Symptoms of Keratitis
Symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity but often include:
- Pain: A sharp, stabbing pain in the affected eye is a common symptom.
- Redness: The eye may appear red and bloodshot.
- Blurred vision: Vision can become blurry or hazy.
- Itching: An intense itchiness may accompany the inflammation.
- Excessive tearing: Increased tear production is frequently observed.
- Light sensitivity (photophobia): Bright lights may cause discomfort.
- Feeling of something in the eye: A foreign body sensation can be present.
Seeking Treatment
If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and preserve vision. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and may include:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
- Antivirals: For viral infections like HSV keratitis.
- Antifungal medications: For fungal infections.
- Pain relievers: To manage pain and discomfort.
- Artificial tears: To alleviate dryness.
- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation (used cautiously to avoid complications).
Remember, keratitis is a serious condition that requires professional medical attention. Delaying treatment can lead to permanent vision impairment.
