Blood in the eyes, often appearing as a bright red patch, is typically caused by a subconjunctival hemorrhage, which is a broken blood vessel under the conjunctiva (the clear surface of the eye).
Understanding Subconjunctival Hemorrhages
A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs when a small blood vessel ruptures beneath the conjunctiva. Because the conjunctiva cannot absorb blood quickly, the blood becomes trapped, making the eye appear red. Think of it as a bruise on your eye.
Common Causes
While the exact cause isn't always identifiable, some common contributors to a subconjunctival hemorrhage include:
- Straining: This can be from coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or even straining during a bowel movement.
- Injury: Rubbing your eye too hard or any minor trauma to the eye.
- High Blood Pressure: Elevated blood pressure can sometimes cause these vessels to break.
- Blood Thinners: Medications like aspirin, warfarin, or other blood thinners can increase the risk.
- Eye Surgery: Recent eye surgery can be a contributing factor.
- Contact Lens Use: Improper insertion or removal of contact lenses can occasionally cause a minor rupture.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most subconjunctival hemorrhages are harmless and resolve on their own within a few weeks, it's essential to consult a doctor if:
- You experience pain in your eye.
- Your vision is affected.
- The hemorrhage is recurrent.
- You have a history of blood clotting disorders.
- The injury was significant.
Treatment and Prevention
Generally, no specific treatment is required for a subconjunctival hemorrhage. Artificial tears can help alleviate any discomfort. Preventing eye injuries by wearing protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk and avoiding excessive eye rubbing are helpful preventive measures. If you are on blood thinners, consult with your doctor about the risk of bleeding.
