The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). It acts as a passageway, allowing menstrual blood to flow from the uterus into the vagina. The cervix also plays a crucial role during childbirth, dilating to allow the baby to pass through.
Anatomy and Function of the Cervix
- Location: Situated inside the pelvic cavity, the cervix is located between 3 to 6 inches inside the vaginal canal. It's the lower portion of the uterus, connecting it to the vagina.
- Structure: The cervix has two main parts: the ectocervix (the portion visible during a pelvic exam) and the endocervix (the canal inside the cervix). The lower part, the ectocervix, protrudes into the top of the vagina. The endocervix borders the uterus.
- Function: Besides its role in menstruation and childbirth, the cervix protects the uterus from infection. It produces mucus that changes consistency throughout the menstrual cycle, affecting fertility.
Several sources confirm this definition: The National Cancer Institute (https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cervix), the Canadian Cancer Society (https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/cervical/what-is-cervical-cancer/the-cervix), and the Mayo Clinic (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352501) all describe the cervix as the lower, narrow end of the uterus connecting it to the vagina. These sources further emphasize the cervix's role in menstrual flow and childbirth.
Furthermore, Britannica (https://www.britannica.com/science/cervix) adds that the cervix provides a passage between the vaginal cavity and the uterine cavity. The World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer) highlights the cervix's involvement in persistent HPV infection, a leading cause of cervical cancer.
