Finger fusion, also known as arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two or more bones in a finger, eliminating motion at the joint. The basic process involves preparing the bone surfaces and then fixing them together to heal as one solid bone.
The Finger Fusion Procedure: A Step-by-Step Explanation
Here's a breakdown of how a finger is fused, based on the provided reference:
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Preparation of Joint Surfaces: The articular cartilage, which is the smooth surface covering the ends of the bones within the joint, is removed. This leaves two raw bone surfaces. According to the reference: "The articular cartilage is removed from both joint surfaces to leave two surfaces of raw bone."
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Creating a Socket and Cone: The bottom of the phalanx (finger bone) is hollowed out using a specialized tool. This creates a socket. The opposing bone surface is then shaped into a rounded cone that fits perfectly into this socket. As the reference states: "The bottom of the phalange is hollowed with a special tool to form a socket. The other surface is shaped into a rounded cone that fits inside the socket."
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Fixation: The cone-shaped bone is inserted into the socket, ensuring proper alignment. The bones are then fixed together using methods such as:
- Screws: Small screws can be used to compress the bones together.
- Plates: A small metal plate may be placed along the side of the bones to provide stability during the healing process.
- Wires: Wires can also be used for fixation, especially in smaller bones.
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Soft Tissue Closure: After the bones are secured, the soft tissues (tendons, ligaments, and skin) surrounding the joint are carefully sewn back together. The reference mentions: "The soft tissues over the joint are sewn back together."
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Immobilization: The finger is typically immobilized with a splint or cast to allow the bones to heal properly in the fused position. This immobilization period can last for several weeks or months.
Why Fuse a Finger?
Finger fusion might be recommended in situations such as:
- Severe arthritis: When the joint is severely damaged by arthritis and causing significant pain.
- Traumatic injuries: After a severe fracture or dislocation that cannot be repaired.
- Deformities: To correct a finger deformity that is affecting function.
- Instability: To stabilize a joint that is chronically unstable.
Considerations After Finger Fusion
Following a finger fusion, it's essential to:
- Keep the hand elevated to reduce swelling.
- Follow the surgeon's instructions regarding wound care and splint/cast use.
- Attend follow-up appointments to monitor healing.
- Participate in hand therapy to regain strength and function in the surrounding joints.
