The three fundamental principles of fingerprints are:
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Individuality: No two fingerprints are exactly alike, even on the same person's fingers. This principle underscores the uniqueness of each individual's fingerprint pattern. The arrangement of ridges and minutiae (tiny details like ridge endings and bifurcations) creates a unique identifier. [Source: Multiple sources including Quizlet, Bayometric, and Forensic Science Simplified]
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Permanence: Fingerprints remain unchanged throughout a person's lifetime. While superficial skin damage might temporarily alter the surface, the underlying pattern will regenerate, preserving the original fingerprint characteristics. [Source: Multiple sources including Bayometric, Study.com, and Quizlet]
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Classification: Fingerprints can be systematically categorized into general pattern types—arches, loops, and whorls—allowing for efficient searching and comparison within fingerprint databases. Although these categories encompass variations, the basic pattern type remains a useful tool in classification. [Source: Multiple sources including Forensic Science Simplified and Quizlet]
These three principles form the cornerstone of fingerprint identification and its application in forensic science. They are the basis for the reliable and accurate identification of individuals through their fingerprints.
