What to do during a Hangfire?

A hangfire is a dangerous delay in the ignition of a firearm's primer or propellant, meaning the cartridge doesn't fire immediately when the trigger is pulled. During a hangfire, the most critical priority is maintaining safety and following specific procedures to prevent accidental discharge.

Immediate Actions During a Hangfire

When experiencing a hangfire or misfire, it's crucial to remain calm and follow a strict sequence of actions to ensure safety.

Prioritize Safety and Control

• Maintain Safe Muzzle Control: Always keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction. This means the muzzle should never point at yourself, others, or anything you do not intend to shoot.
• Keep the Action Closed: Do not attempt to open the firearm's action immediately. The cartridge could still detonate, and opening the action might expose you to a hot, expanding gas if it does.
• Point at a Safe Backstop: Ensure the muzzle remains pointed at a secure backstop that can safely contain a discharge, such as a designated bullet trap, a sturdy berm, or the ground in a safe area.

The Critical Waiting Period

• Wait to See if the Firearm Fires: After a click or misfire, there's a possibility the cartridge will still fire after a brief delay. This delay is what defines a hangfire and why immediate action to open the firearm is dangerous.
• Observe a 15-Second Wait: For rifles, handguns, and shotguns, specifically wait a minimum of 15 seconds while maintaining the firearm pointed in a safe direction with the action closed. This duration allows enough time for the vast majority of delayed ignitions to occur.

Clearing the Firearm Safely

• Remove the Cartridge/Shotshell: If, after the 15-second waiting period, the firearm still has not discharged, it is then safe to carefully remove the unfired cartridge or shotshell from the chamber. Handle the removed cartridge with caution, as it may still be faulty.

Understanding Hangfires

Hangfires, though rare, are a real possibility. They typically occur due to a faulty primer, inconsistent powder charge, or moisture affecting the propellant. The danger lies in the unpredictable nature of the delayed ignition; what seems like a dud round could suddenly fire a second or more later. Adhering to these safety protocols is vital for anyone handling firearms.

Here’s a summary of the steps for quick reference:

For more comprehensive information on firearm safety and handling, you can consult reputable sources like the National Shooting Sports Foundation or educational platforms dedicated to hunter safety.