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What are the general rules of first aid?

Published in First Aid Basics 2 mins read

The general rules of first aid revolve around a systematic approach to ensure the safety of both the first aider and the casualty, while providing effective initial care. Here's a breakdown of these essential rules:

First Aid Principles

First aid aims to provide immediate care to an injured or ill person until professional medical help arrives. The following table outlines the general rules, incorporating key steps as referenced.

Rule Description
Assess the situation

Quickly and calmly evaluate the scene for any potential dangers to yourself and the casualty. This includes hazards like traffic, fire, or unstable structures.

  • Example: Before approaching a car accident, ensure it's safe from oncoming traffic.
Ensure Safety

Protect yourself and the casualty from any further danger. This might involve moving the casualty to a safer location, if it can be done safely and without causing further harm, and if you need to move the casualty, do so carefully.

  • Example: If the injury is indoors, switch off the mains if there is an electrical hazard.
Prevent Infection

Take steps to avoid any transmission of infection. This includes wearing gloves if possible and cleaning any open wounds if this is needed.

  • Example: When tending to a bleeding wound, wash your hands or use gloves.
Provide Comfort and Reassurance

Help the injured person feel calm. Speak reassuringly and offer support. Stay with them until help arrives if you can.

  • Example: Speak in a calm voice and explain what you are doing.
Assess the Casualty and provide first aid

After ensuring initial safety, begin to examine the casualty for injuries or illnesses. Provide the appropriate first aid treatment based on your assessment.

  • Example: Check their breathing and pulse.
  • Example: Apply pressure to stop bleeding.
Arrange for Help

If necessary, call emergency services for professional help. Provide a clear and accurate location of the incident.

  • Example: Call 911 or your local emergency number.


These steps can be remembered with mnemonics such as "DRSABC", which represents Danger, Response, Shout for help, Airway, Breathing and Circulation. However, the fundamental rules revolve around the elements as detailed above: assessing, ensuring safety, preventing infection, providing comfort, and arranging for professional help if needed.