No, babies are not typically born with food allergies in the sense that they immediately react to a food they've never encountered. However, they can be sensitized to allergens in utero or through breast milk, which can lead to an allergic reaction upon their first direct exposure to the food.
Here's a breakdown:
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Sensitization vs. Allergy: It's crucial to understand the difference. A food allergy involves the immune system mistakenly identifying a food protein as harmful. Sensitization occurs when the immune system first encounters a potential allergen and creates antibodies against it, without causing an allergic reaction. An allergy develops when subsequent exposure triggers the immune system to release histamine and other chemicals, leading to symptoms.
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In Utero Sensitization: While rare, some research suggests that babies can be sensitized to foods through the mother's diet during pregnancy. The allergens can potentially cross the placenta.
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Sensitization Through Breast Milk: Allergens from the mother's diet can pass into breast milk. This can sensitize the baby, and in some cases, even trigger mild allergic reactions. However, breastfeeding is generally encouraged, even if there's a family history of allergies, unless specific medical advice suggests otherwise.
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First Exposure: A baby usually needs to be exposed to a food allergen at least once before an allergic reaction can occur. This exposure could be through direct ingestion, skin contact (less common), or, as mentioned above, through breast milk or potentially in utero.
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Genetic Predisposition: A family history of allergies (food allergies, eczema, asthma, or hay fever) increases a baby's risk of developing food allergies. However, genetics is not the sole determinant.
In summary, while babies aren't typically born with active food allergies, they can be sensitized before birth or through breast milk, making them more prone to developing an allergy upon their first direct exposure to that food. It's essential for parents to be aware of the signs of food allergies and to introduce new foods gradually, following pediatrician recommendations.
