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Why Am I Suddenly Allergic to Kiwi?

Published in Food Allergy 3 mins read

If you've suddenly developed an allergy to kiwi, the most common reason is a condition called Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS), also known as Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). This happens when your immune system, already sensitive to certain pollens, starts reacting to similar proteins found in raw fruits, vegetables, or nuts.

The Link to Pollen Food Syndrome (PFS)

Pollen Food Syndrome is the leading cause of kiwifruit allergy. Your body might recognize proteins in kiwi as being similar to proteins in pollens you're already allergic to, like birch or grass pollen. While it might feel sudden when you experience symptoms, the underlying pollen allergy and the immune system's cross-reactivity have likely been developing over time.

How PFS Develops and Causes Reactions

PFS occurs because certain proteins in raw fruits and vegetables are structurally very similar to allergenic proteins in common pollens. When you eat a raw food containing these similar proteins, your immune system mistakenly identifies them as the pollen it's already sensitive to, triggering an allergic reaction. This is known as cross-reactivity. Cooking often breaks down these proteins, which is why some individuals with PFS can tolerate cooked versions of the same foods.

For kiwi, common pollen associations include:

  • Birch Pollen: Often cross-reacts with kiwi, apples, cherries, pears, carrots, and celery.
  • Grass Pollen: Can cross-react with kiwi, melons, tomatoes, and oranges.
  • Ragweed Pollen: Less common for kiwi, but known for cross-reactivity with bananas, melons, and cucumbers.

Common Symptoms of Kiwi Allergy Due to PFS

Reactions from Pollen Food Syndrome are typically mild and localized to the mouth and throat, often appearing within minutes of eating the raw fruit.

Symptoms may include:

  • Itching or tingling in the mouth
  • Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
  • A scratchy sensation in the throat
  • Occasionally, symptoms can extend to the skin (hives) or digestive system (stomach upset).
  • In rare cases, severe reactions like anaphylaxis can occur, particularly with kiwi, making it crucial to consult an allergist.

What to Do If You Suspect a Kiwi Allergy

If you've experienced a sudden reaction to kiwi, it's important to take the following steps:

  1. Avoid Kiwi: Stop eating kiwi immediately, both raw and cooked, until you've consulted a medical professional.
  2. Consult an Allergist: Schedule an appointment with an allergist or physician. They can perform tests (like skin prick tests or blood tests) to confirm the allergy and identify the specific pollens or foods you are sensitive to.
  3. Understand Cross-Reactivity: Your allergist can help you understand which other foods might trigger a similar reaction based on your specific pollen sensitivities.
  4. Carry an Epinephrine Auto-Injector (if prescribed): If your allergist determines you are at risk for severe reactions, they may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector.

Common Pollen Food Syndrome Cross-Reactions

Understanding the link between pollen and food can help you identify other potential triggers. Here’s a table illustrating some common pollen types and the fruits/vegetables they are often associated with through cross-reactivity:

Pollen Type Associated Raw Fruits & Vegetables (Examples)
Birch Apples, Almonds, Carrots, Celery, Cherries, Hazelnuts, Kiwi, Peaches, Pears, Plums
Grass Kiwi, Melons (cantaloupe, watermelon), Oranges, Tomatoes
Ragweed Bananas, Chamomile, Cucumbers, Melons (cantaloupe, honeydew, watermelon), Zucchini
Mugwort Aniseed, Carrots, Celery, Coriander, Fennel, Parsley