Heel splits, also known as heel fissures, are cracks in the skin on the bottom of the heel. These cracks typically occur when the skin becomes dry, hard, and inflexible, and they are often associated with thick calluses.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
-
Definition: Heel splits are linear cracks or fissures that develop in the dry, thickened skin of the heels.
-
Causes:
- Dry Skin: Lack of moisture is the primary cause.
- Thick Calluses: Calluses around the heels can become rigid and prone to cracking.
- Pressure and Weight: Standing for long periods, being overweight, or wearing open-backed shoes can increase pressure on the heels, leading to splits.
- Underlying Conditions: Certain medical conditions like eczema, psoriasis, athlete's foot, and diabetes can contribute to dry skin and heel splits.
- Footwear: Open-backed shoes or shoes that don't provide adequate support can exacerbate the condition.
- Environmental Factors: Cold weather and low humidity can dry out the skin.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of certain vitamins and minerals might contribute to skin dryness.
-
Symptoms:
- Visible cracks on the heels.
- Dry, flaky skin around the heels.
- Itching.
- Pain, especially when walking or standing.
- Bleeding in severe cases.
-
Treatment & Prevention:
- Moisturizing: Apply a thick moisturizer or heel balm regularly, especially after bathing. Look for products containing urea, salicylic acid, or alpha-hydroxy acids.
- Soaking: Soak feet in warm water for 10-15 minutes, then gently exfoliate with a pumice stone or foot file.
- Wearing Appropriate Footwear: Opt for closed-toe shoes with good arch support.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated from the inside out.
- Professional Care: Consult a podiatrist for severe cases or if you have an underlying medical condition. They may recommend prescription creams or debridement (removal of thickened skin).
- Avoid Harsh Soaps: Use mild, fragrance-free soaps.
- Consider Shoe Inserts: If lack of support from shoes contribute to heel fissures, an insert can help.
In essence, heel splits are a common foot problem resulting from dry, thickened skin on the heels that cracks under pressure. Proper moisturizing and foot care are key to preventing and treating this condition.
