The ileum is the final and longest section of your small intestine. It plays a crucial role in the digestive process, connecting to the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine) via the ileocecal valve.
Key Functions of the Ileum:
- Absorption: The ileum is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining digested food not absorbed in the duodenum or jejunum. Britannica highlights its specialized role in vitamin B12 absorption.
- Waste Movement: The ileum propels food waste towards the large intestine for further processing and elimination. Cleveland Clinic emphasizes its role in moving food waste.
- Length and pH: In humans, the ileum measures approximately 2–4 meters in length and maintains a specific pH level conducive to its absorptive functions. Wikipedia provides details on length and pH.
Clinical Significance:
The ileum's importance extends beyond digestion. It's often utilized in surgical procedures:
- Ileal Conduit: A section of the ileum can be surgically redirected to create a urinary diversion, commonly used after bladder removal. Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network and StatPearls explain this procedure.
- J-Pouch: In certain bowel surgeries, the ileum is used to construct an ileal pouch, which serves as a reservoir for stool after the colon's removal. Cleveland Clinic describes this application.
It's important to note that ileus is a different term referring to a lack of intestinal movement, causing a buildup of material, and is not the same as an obstruction or blockage. Healthline and WebMD clarify this distinction. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) also provides a comprehensive definition of ileum within its Dictionary of Cancer Terms. NCI
