TAE buffer is used in gel electrophoresis primarily to conduct electricity, maintain a stable pH, and facilitate DNA movement through the agarose gel.
Here's a breakdown of its functions:
-
Conducting Electricity: TAE buffer contains ions that allow an electric current to flow through the gel. This current is essential for driving the negatively charged DNA molecules through the agarose matrix towards the positive electrode.
-
Maintaining pH: TAE buffer helps maintain a stable pH during electrophoresis. This is crucial because changes in pH can affect the charge and structure of DNA, which can then influence its migration rate. The Tris component of TAE buffers the solution.
-
Facilitating DNA Movement: The buffer's ionic strength helps to keep DNA soluble and prevents it from aggregating. Proper ionic strength optimizes the electroosmotic flow, promoting consistent and even migration of DNA bands.
In summary, TAE buffer provides the necessary ionic environment for electrophoresis to occur effectively, ensuring DNA separation based on size.
